![]() ![]() On a horn, a clarinet or a trumpet, the C may vibrate to 392 Hz (Bb), 370 Hz (A) or 294 Hz (F). Some historical instruments have kept their own pitch. It should be noted that the 'A' tuned to 430 Hz at a temperature of 15☌ may go up or down between 427 and 434 Hz, depending on the temperature change as the temperature and humidity affect the height of sounds. Using reasoning, they try to make the public believe that one is better than the other, based on fragile demonstrations.Īs I briefly summarized the 'A' tuning fork is a recent invention and its standardization was made half a century ago. Handel had his: 423 Hz and also Mozart: 422 Hz.Īt a time when the turning fork was vibrating to the 435 Hz frequency in Paris by ministerial decision and to 439 Hz in London by royal decree, the renowned Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi adopted himself the 432 Hz frequency.įrom this point, some authors have written about the 'A' at 432 Hz, challenging the current La with this different frequency. It is now recognized that the swastika, regardless of its direction of rotation, belongs to the Vedic tradition and is found throughout the East on temples and statues representing Buddha.Īfter this too long but necessary introduction, there is another additional aspect I wish to clarify: the 432 Hz tuning that has become some kind of myth. The same remark can be made about the swastika, which is not originally a Nazi symbol, it was only used by the Nazis. This frequency may have been used by the Nazis but nothing more. This frequency existed long before this regime adopted it and wanted to make it an absolute reference. Otherwise, the Nazis advocated the adoption of the 440 Hz reference frequency but to say that the 440 Hz is a Nazi frequency is misleading. ![]() Even then, the pitch was very variable and some very different 'A' were found in various European theaters. The renowned musicologist Bruces Haynes has proved that the A 440 Hz pitch was already used during baroque area (18th european Century).īetween the years 18, Franz Liszt and Richard Wagner have favored the 'A' on a higher pitch than the usual one, 440 Hz and above. ![]() The 'A' pitched at 440 Hz was first adopted in Germany in 1834. The pitch could vary in the same city and inside the same temple. It was proven that the 440 existed during the Baroque period and the La was even played on higher frequency. Therefore, the 'A' has largely fluctuated and musicological research shows that the increase is not constant. He added more than 300, overlapping the Renaissance period until the Romantic era. He studied the tone of approximately 1'200 instruments from the Baroque period. The work of Bruce Haynes deserve to be mentioned. We find it at 393 Hz in Rome while it is around 460 Hz in Venice. By cons, in Italy, if the pitch is low in the South, it rises depending on the latitude. If the French Baroque tuning varied around 392-415 Hz, the English Baroque tuning of the second half of the 17th Century was near. This pitch was often used in Austria durig 19th Century. At that time, a 'A' of reference became necessary to facilitate the trade of musical instruments and the musical practice of orchestral musicians who traveled from one country to another.įranz Liszt and Richard Wagner has been used some instruments tuned in 440 Hz. In 1859, the French musicologist Adrien de la Fage published a book entitled "De l'unité tonique et de la fixation d'un diapason universel" (About the tonic unity and setting a universal musical tuning). Although this 440 Hz frequency was in effect for tuning instruments long before the 20th Century, its standardization is a clearly a recent invention. The standardization of the current 'A', 60 years ago, was imposed as the unique 'A', referenced to 440 Hz, as we know it today. I explain in detail where this 'A' comes from, the names of the notes currently used in francophone culture and why. I develop on this topic in my book "Le Son de Vibrations" (The Sound of Vibrations), to be published by Quebecor in 2014. ![]() It would take too long to describe in detail the origin of the note 'A' (notified La in french) a convention in our francophone culture which corresponds to the Anglo-Saxon 'A'. Formation en ligne et ateliers en présentiel. ![]()
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